Drinking coffee can raise public health problems, but the association between coffee and kidney disease is unknown. We studied whether coffee intake can affect the development of chronic kidney disease in the general population.
Methods
We analyzed 8717 subjects with normal renal function recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort. Based on a food frequency questionnaire, coffee consumption was categorized into 5 groups: 0 per week, <1 cup per week, 1-6 cups per week, 1 cup per day, and ≥2 cups per day. The primary outcome was incident chronic kidney disease, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Results
The mean age (standard deviation) of study subjects was 52.0 (8.8) years, and 47.8% were male. Among the subjects, 52.8% were daily coffee consumers. During a mean follow-up of 11.3 (range, 5.9-11.5) years, 9.5% of participants developed chronic kidney disease. The incident chronic kidney disease occurred less in daily coffee consumers. Unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) was significantly lower in daily coffee consumers. In multivariable Cox model even after adjustment of blood pressure, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and amount of daily intake for caffeine-containing foods such as tea and chocolate, coffee consumers with 1 cup per day (HR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.92) and ≥2 cups per day (HR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.98) were associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease development than nondrinkers. Time-averaged and time-varying Cox models yielded similar results. The rates of decline in glomerular filtration were lower in daily coffee consumers.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that daily coffee intake is associated with decreased risk of the development of chronic kidney disease.
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-Jong Hyun Jhee, MD, Ki Heon Nam, MD, Seong Yeong An, MD, Min-Uk Cha, MD, Misol Lee, MD, Seohyun Park, MD, Hyoungnae Kim, MD, Hae-Ryong Yun, MD, Youn Kyung Kee, MD, Jung Tak Park, MD, PhD, Tae-Ik Chang, MD, PhD, Ea Wha Kang, MD, PhD, Tae-Hyun Yoo, MD, PhD, Shin-Wook Kang, MD, PhD, Seung Hyeok Han, MD, PhD
This article originally appeared in the December issue of The American Journal of Medicine.
